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GLOSSARY icon/caret_left Created with Sketch.

Glossary

Title Content
Agricultural Improvement Act of 2018
Bioaccessibility
Bioaccumulation
Botanical Drug Product
Broad Spectrum*
Cannabinoids
Cannabis
Cannabis Halo Effect
Cannabis sativa L.
CBD Oil/Hemp CBD Oil*
Dietary Supplement
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) Drug Scheduling
Endocannabinoid System & Receptors
Endocannabinoids
Entourage Effect*
Evidence Pyramid
FDA-Approved Formulations of Cannabinoids
FDA-Approved Medication
Full Spectrum*
Hemp
Hemp Oil/Hempseed Oil*
Isolate*
Marijuana
Medical Cannabis*
Nutraceutical*
Phytocannabinoids
Phytoremediation
Recreational Marijuana*
Synthetic Cannabinoids
Terpenes/Terpenoids
Trichomes
GLOSSARY Group
References
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Glossary References

1. US Congress. H.R. 5485 – Hemp Farming Act of 2018. US Congress. https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/5485. Published April 2018. Accessed July 2020.
2. US Food and Drug Administration. Statement from FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, M.D., on signing of the Agriculture Improvement Act and the agency’s regulation of products containing cannabis and cannabis-derived compounds. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/statement-fda-commissioner-scott-gottlieb-md-signing-agriculture-improvement-act-and-agencys. Published December 20, 2018. Accessed July 27, 2020.
3. Carbonell-Capella JM, Buniowska M, Barba FJ, et al. Analytical methods for determining bioavailability and bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds from fruits and vegetables: A review. Comp Rev Food Science and Food Safety. 2014;13(2):155-171. doi:10.1111/1541-4337.12049.
4. Newman & Unger. Bioaccumulation. sciencedirect.com. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/bioaccumulation. Published 2003. Accessed July 2020.
5. Potter DJ. A review of the cultivation and processing of cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) for production of prescription medicines in the UK. Drug Testing and Analysis. 2014;6:31-38. doi:10.1002/dta.1531.
6. US Food and Drug Administration. What is a botanical drug? https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/center-drug-evaluation-and-research-cder/what-botanical-drug. Accessed July 27, 2020.
7. Types of CBD: full spectrum vs broad spectrum vs isolate. Hempsley.com. https://hempsley.com/learn/full-spectrum-vs-isolate. Published October 4, 2019. Accessed July 28, 2020.
8. Potter DJ. Cannabis horticulture. In: Pertwee RG, ed. Handbook of Cannabis. Oxford, UK. Oxford University Press Scholarship;2014:3-22. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199662685.001.0001.
9. Mechoulam R, Hanus LO, Pertwee R, et al. Early phytocannabinoid chemistry to endocannabinoids and beyond. Nat Rev. 2014;15:757-764. doi:10.1038/nrn3811. Accessed July 2020.
10. Appendino G, Chianese G, Taglialatela-Scafati O. Cannabinoids: occurrence and medicinal chemistry. Curr Med Chem. 2011;18:1085-1099. doi:10.2174/092986711794940888.
11. ElSohly M, Gul W. Constituents of Cannabis sativa. In: Pertwee RG, ed. Handbook of Cannabis. Oxford, UK. Oxford University Press Scholarship; 2014:3-22. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199662685.001.0001.
12. Hillig KW, Mahlberg PG. A chemotaxonomic analysis of cannabinoid variation in cannabis (Cannabaceae). Am J Bot. 2004;91:966-975. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.6.966.
13. National Cancer Institute. Cannabis and cannabinoids (PDQ®) – Health Professional Version. cancer.gov. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/hp/cannabis-pdq. Updated July 2020. Accessed July 2020.
14. Hasin D. US epidemiology of cannabis use and associated problems. Neuropsychopharmacol Rev. 2018;43(1):195-212. doi:10.1038/npp.2017.198.
15. National Capital Poison Center. Foxglove toxic to the heart. Poison.org. https://www.poison.org/articles/2015-mar/foxglove. Published 2015. Accessed July 30, 2020.
16. US Food and Drug Administration. Remarks by Lowell Schiller, JD at the Council for Responsible Nutrition Conference – 11/7/2019. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/speeches-fda-officials/remarks-lowell-schiller-jd-council-responsible-nutrition-conference-1172019-11072019.
17. Potter JP, David. The propagation, characterisation and optimisation of cannabis sativa L as a phytopharmaceutical. Extraction Magazine. https://extractionmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/the-propagation-characterisation-and-optimisation-of-cannabis-sativa-L-as-a-phytopharmaceutical.pdf. Published 2018. Accessed July 2020.
18. Harrison J, VanDolah BA, Bauer B, Mauck K. Clinicians’ Guide to Cannabidiol and Hemp Oils. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2019;94(9):1840-1851. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.01.003.
19. National Institutes of Health. Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994. https://ods.od.nih.gov/About/DSHEA_Wording.aspx. Accessed July 2020.
20. US Food and Drug Administration. Dietary supplements. https://www.fda.gov/food/dietary-supplements. Updated August 2019. Accessed July 2020.
21. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. [21U.S.C.§321(ff)(3)(B)(ii)]. https://codes.findlaw.com/us/title-21-food-and-drugs/21-usc-sect-321.html. Accessed July 2020.
22. US Drug Enforcement Administration. Drug scheduling. https://www.dea.gov/druginfo/ds.shtml. Accessed July 2020.
23. Mackie K. Cannabinoid receptors: where they are and what they do. J Neuroendocrinology. 2008;20(suppl 1):10-14.doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2008.01671.x.
24. Grotenhermen F. Cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system. Cannabinoids. 2006;1:10-14. https://www.cannabis-med.org/data/pdf/en_2006_01_2.pdf. Accessed July 2020.
25. Rosenberg EC, Tsien RW, Whalley BJ, Devinsky O. Cannabinoids and epilepsy. Neurotherapeutics. 2015;12:747-768. doi:10.1007/s13311-015-0375-5.
26. Ben-Shabat S, Fride E, Sheskin T, et al. An entourage effect: inactive endogenous fatty acid glycerol esters enhance 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol cannabinoid activity. Eur J Pharmacol. 1998;353:23-31. doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(98)00392-6.
27. Wieten S. Expertise in evidence-based medicine: a tale of three models. Philosophy, Ethics and Humanities in Medicine. doi:10.1186/s13010-018-0055-2.
28. Devereaux PJ, Yusuf S. The evolution of the randomized controlled trial and its role in evidence-based decision making. J Int Med. 2003;254:105-113.
29. Bothwell LE, Podolsky SH. History of clinical trials: The emergence of the randomized, controlled trial. NEJM. 2016;375(6):501-4.
30. US Food and Drug Administration. FDA regulation of cannabis and cannabis-derived products, including cannabidiol (CBD). https://www.fda.gov/news-events/public-health-focus/fda-regulation-cannabis-and-cannabis-derived-products-including-cannabidiol-cbd. Accessed July 30, 2020.
31. US Food and Drug Administration. How drugs are developed and approved. https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DevelopmentApprovalProcess/HowDrugsareDevelopedandApproved/. Updated January 2019. Accessed July 2020.
32. Small E, Marcus D. Hemp: a new crop with new uses for North America. In: Janick J, Whipkey A, eds. Trends in New Crops and New Uses. Alexandria, VA: ASHS Press; 2002:284-326. https://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/ncnu02/v5-284.html. Accessed July 2020.
33. Vote Hemp. Legitimacy of Industrial Hemp Research. Section 7606 of 2013 Farm Bill. https://www.votehemp.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Pages_from_farm0127.pdf. Accessed July 2020.
34. US Dept of Justice. Controlled Substances Act. Title 21 United States Code (USC) Controlled Substances Act. 21 USC 802(d)(16). http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/21cfr/21usc/. Accessed July 2020.
35. Coppen JJW. Gums, Resins and Latexes of Plant Origin. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; 1995:142. http://www.fao.org/3/a-v9236e.pdf. Accessed July 2020.
36. US Drug Enforcement Administration. Marijuana/cannabis drug fact sheet. https://www.dea.gov/factsheets/marijuana. Accessed July 2020.
37. US Dept of Justice. Drug Enforcement Administration. 21 CFR Chapter II. Federal Register; Vol. 81, No. 156. 2016; 53688-53766. http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/fed_regs/rules/2016/fr0812.pdf. Accessed July 2020.
38. Sevigny EL, Pacula RL, Heaton P. The effects of medical marijuana laws on potency. Int J Drug Policy. 2014;25:308-319. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.01.003.
39. Kalra EK. Nutraceutical - definition and introduction. AAPS PharmSci. 2003;5(3):E25. doi:10.1208/ps050325.
40. Koch A, Brandenburger S, Türpe S, Birringer M. The need for a legal distinction of nutraceuticals. Food Nutr Sci. 2014;5:905-913. doi:10.4236/fns.2014.510100.
41. Hill AJ, Mercier MS, Hill TD, et al. Cannabidivarin is anticonvulsant in mouse and rat. Br J Pharmacol. 2012;167:1629-1642. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02207.x.
42. Cristino L, Di Marzo V. Established and emerging concepts of cannabinoid action on food intake and their potential application to the treatment of anorexia and cachexia. In: Pertwee RG, ed. Handbook of Cannabis. Oxford, UK. Oxford University Press Scholarship; 2014: 455-472. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199662685.003.0024.
43. Phytoremediation. ScienceDirect.com. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/phytoremediation. Accessed July 28, 2020.
44. Husain R, Weeden H, Bogush D, et al. Enhanced tolerance of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) plants on abandoned mine land soil leads to overexpression of cannabinoids. PLoS One. 2019;14(8):e0221570. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0221570.
45. Hall W. Recreational cannabis: sought-after effects, adverse effects, designer drugs, and harm minimization. In: Pertwee RG, ed. Handbook of Cannabis. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 2014:645-646. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199662685.011.0006.
46. Brenneisen R. Chemistry and analysis of phytocannabinoids and other cannabis constituents. In: ElSohly MA, ed. Forensic Science and Medicine: Marijuana and the Cannabinoids. Totowa, NJ; Humana Press; 2007. doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-947-9_2.
47. Clarke RC, Watson DP. Cannabis and natural cannabis medicines. In: ElSohly MA, ed. Forensic Science and Medicine: Marijuana and the Cannabinoids. Totowa, NJ; Humana Press; 2007. doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-947-9_1.
48. Livingston SJ, Quilichini TD, Booth JK, et al. Cannabis glandular trichomes alter morphology and metabolite content during flower maturation. Plant J. 2020;101:37-56. doi:10.1111/tpj.14516.
49. Dayanandan P, Kaufman, PB. Trichomes of cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae). Am J Bot. 1976;63(5):578-591. doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1976.tb11846.x.
50. Bennett P. What are trichomes and why do they exist on cannabis? Leafly.com. https://www.leafly.com/news/cannabis-101/what-are-trichomes-on-cannabis. Published July 28, 2016. Accessed July 31, 2020.


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